模块三：植物科学与光合作用

教学目标 / Objective

理解 ECO-Cycle 中植物生长灯如何替代太阳光，观察植物向光生长的现象。

Understand how grow lights in the ECO-Cycle take the place of the sun. Observe that plants grow towards light.

所需材料 / Materials

• 剪刀 / Scissors
• 遮蔽胶带 / Masking tape
• 大鞋盒 / Large shoebox
• 小盆栽常春藤 / Small potted ivy
• 厚纸板 / Heavy cardboard

实验步骤 / Procedure

• 在鞋盒一端剪一个洞 / Cut a hole in one end of the shoebox
• 裁剪两块与鞋盒等高但比宽度短1英寸的隔板 / Cut two dividers as tall as the box but 1 inch shorter than its width
• 将隔板竖直固定在鞋盒内部 / Tape dividers upright inside the box
• 将植物放在与洞口相对的一端 / Place plant in the end opposite the hole
• 每3-4天打开盖子浇水并观察 / Every 3-4 days, remove lid to water and observe

延展学习 / Swimming Deeper

分组用不同大小的盒子、不同类型植物、不同颜色内衬纸、多个光孔进行对照实验，比较结果与假设。

Groups try different box sizes, plant types, colored linings, and multiple light holes. Compare outcomes to hypotheses.

教学目标 / Objective

学习计算不规则形状的面积。叶片表面积直接关联植物产生的糖和氧气的量。

Learn to find the area of an irregular shape. Leaf surface area is directly connected to the amount of sugar and oxygen produced.

计算方法 / Calculation Method

思考 / Reflection

为什么在阴湿环境中的叶子更大，而在干热环境中的叶子更小？

Why are there bigger leaves in rainy/shady places and smaller leaves in hot and dry places?

教师背景 / Teacher Background

植物运输系统由木质部（Xylem）和韧皮部（Phloem）组成。木质部像吸管一样将水和矿物质从根部向上运输。

Xylem moves water and minerals up from the roots — like a straw. Most layers of a tree trunk are made of xylem.

所需材料 / Materials

• 放大镜 / Magnifying glass
• 芹菜茎 / Celery stalk
• 玻璃罐 / Mason jar
• 食用色素 / Food coloring

实验步骤 / Procedure

• 用放大镜观察芹菜茎 / Observe celery with magnifying glass
• 切下芹菜茎末端放入彩色水中 / Cut end and place in colored water
• 滴入 5 滴食用色素搅拌均匀 / Add 5 drops food coloring, stir
• 记录日期时间并画图 / Draw and record date/time
• 次日观察变化 / Observe changes next day

延展学习 / Swimming Deeper

用白色康乃馨做多色实验：将花茎切成四段放入四种不同颜色的染色水中。

Split a white carnation stem into four sections, place each in a different colored water.

核心概念 / Core Concepts

学习阅读种子包装信息：间距 (Spacing)、种植深度 (Depth)、发芽天数 (Days to Germinate)、收获天数 (Days to Harvest)、种植季节 (Planting Season)。

Why can we grow anytime in the ECO-Cycle but not always outside? Learn about climate zones and why aquaponics enables year-round growing.

书签内容 / Bookmark Content

种子名称 / 发芽天数 / 收获天数 / 间距 / 蔬菜颜色 / 是否尝过？

Name of Seeds · Days to Germinate · Days to Harvest · Spacing · Color · Have You Tasted?

延展学习 / Swimming Deeper

设计双面种子包，将种子同时种在 ECO-Cycle 和土壤中，每日测量对比。

Design a two-sided seed packet. Plant seeds in both ECO-Cycle and soil, measure daily changes and compare.

教学目标 / Objective

学习如何将幼苗从育苗盘中移植出来。根系非常脆弱，必须小心握住茎部处理。

Learn how to transplant seedlings. Roots are very fragile — plants need to be handled carefully by the stem.

关键要点 / Key Points

• 土壤花园：挖根球两倍大小的洞 / Soil: dig a hole twice the size of the root ball
• ECO-Cycle：清除根部所有土壤防止污浊鱼缸 / ECO-Cycle: remove all dirt from roots to keep water clean
• 用陶粒覆盖根部放入种植篮 / Cover roots with fire clay rock in grow basket
• 记录移植尺寸和日期，追踪生长 / Record transplant size and start date

延展学习 / Swimming Deeper

一学年长期研究：在实验本中记录植物种类、天气、水温等，每周跟踪两种环境中植物的生长，学年末做最终汇报。

Year-long study: maintain a lab book noting plant types, weather, water temperature. Weekly growth tracking. Final presentation at year-end.

实验 / Experiment

标记植物A和植物B。用锡箔纸包裹植物A的每一片叶子，植物B保持无覆盖。相同光照和水分。4天后拆开对比。

Label Plant A and Plant B. Wrap each leaf of Plant A with aluminum foil. Keep Plant B uncovered. Same light and water. Compare after 4 days.

延展 / Deeper

用不同材料覆盖叶片（复印纸、报纸、杂志、卡纸、蜡纸等）进行对比实验。

Experiment with different covering materials — copy paper, newspaper, magazine pages, cardstock, wax paper.

叶片结构 / Leaf Anatomy

叶尖 Leaf Apex · 叶片 Lamina · 叶脉 Vein · 中脉 Midrib · 叶腋 Axil · 叶柄 Petiole · 托叶 Stipule · 茎 Stem

实验 / Experiment

在一片叶子上表面涂凡士林，另一片叶子下表面涂凡士林，留一片不涂。观察数天。推断光合作用发生在叶片的哪个部位。

Cover top of one leaf with petroleum jelly, bottom of another, leave one uncovered. Observe over several days. Infer where photosynthesis takes place.

光合作用化学方程式 / Chemical Equation

核心概念 / Key Concepts

叶绿素捕捉光能产生糖。糖与营养一起为植物提供生长所需的能量。氧气是光合作用的副产品，是人和动物生存所必需。

Chlorophyll traps light energy and produces sugar. Sugar creates energy needed for plant growth. Oxygen is a byproduct — needed by humans and animals for survival.

创意活动 / Creative Activity

"Once upon a time, in a microscopic part of a plant growing in your ECO-Cycle..." 用这个开头编写光合作用奇幻故事，然后转化为可视化图形。

Write a fantasy story about photosynthesis, then translate it into a visual picture or graphic organizer.